Robust quantum dialogue based on logical qubits and controlled-not operations

TianYu YE

doi:10.1360/SSPMA2014-00444

SCIENTIA SINICA Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica

SCIENTIA SINICA Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica, Volume 45, Issue 3: 030301(2015) https://doi.org/10.1360/SSPMA2014-00444

Robust quantum dialogue based on logical qubits and controlled-not operations

TianYu YE^*

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ReceivedNov 18, 2014
AcceptedDec 18, 2014
PublishedJan 20, 2015

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Abstract

本文利用逻辑量子比特和控制非(Controlled-Not, CNOT)操作提出两个分别抵抗集体退相位噪声和集体旋转噪声的鲁棒量子对话(Quantum Dialogue, QD)协议. 制备方产生逻辑量子比特作为传输态以抵抗集体噪声. 另一方借助于CNOT操作知道逻辑量子比特的初始制备态, 并在制备方发送过来的一个经典信息序列的帮助下解码出制备方的秘密信息. 制备方借助于量子安全直接通信读出另一方的秘密信息. 这样, 信息泄露风险被有效地避免. 在所提出的协议中, 只有单光子测量被需要用于量子测量. 与之前的抗噪声QD协议相比, 所提出的协议具有最高的信息论效率. 与作者最近设计的需要将两个相邻的逻辑量子比特制备处于相同的量子态的QD协议相比, 所提出的协议在实验上更加容易执行, 因为它们没有这种特殊的要求.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目(61402407)

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表1 Bob解码Alice秘密消息的原理

物理量	量子态或经典比特
$\| L_{i} ?$ 的初态	$\| 0_{d p} ?$		$\| 1_{d p} ?$
$\| B_{i} ?$ 的初态	$\| 0 ?$		$\| 0 ?$
CNOT操作后 $\| B_{i} ?$ 的状态	$\| 0 ?$		$\| 1 ?$
$b_{i}$	0		1
$k_{i}$	0	1	0	1
$t_{i}$	0	1	1	0
$b_{i} \oplus t_{i}$	0	1	0	1

表2 Bob解码Alice秘密信息的原理

物理量	量子态或经典比特
$\| L_{i} ?$ 的初态	$\| 0_{r} ?$		$\| 1_{r} ?$
$\| B_{i} ?$ 的初态	$\| 0 ?$		$\| 0 ?$
双重CNOT操作后 $\| B_{i} ?$ 的状态	$\| 0 ?$		$\| 1 ?$
$b_{i}$	0		1
$k_{i}$	0	1	0	1
$t_{i}$	0	1	1	0
$b_{i} \oplus t_{i}$	0	1	0	1

表3 与之前的抗噪声QD协议的对比

对比项目	文献[47]的协议	文献[49]的协议	文献[50]的协议	本文的协议
初始量子资源	两个原始Bell态的乘积态	逻辑量子比特	逻辑Bell态	逻辑量子比特和单光子
量子测量	Bell态测量	单光子测量	Bell态测量	单光子测量
信息论效率	40%	33.3%	40%	50%
信息泄露问题	无	无	无	无

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03.67.Dd	Quantum cryptography and communication security
03.67.Hk	Quantum communication
03.67.Pp	Quantum error correction and other methods for protection against decoherence (see also 03.65.Yz Decoherence; open systems; quantum statistical methods; for decoherence in Bose-Einstein condensates, see 03.75.Gg

物理量	量子态或经典比特
$\| L_{i} ?$ 的初态	$\| 0_{d p} ?$		$\| 1_{d p} ?$
$\| B_{i} ?$ 的初态	$\| 0 ?$		$\| 0 ?$
CNOT操作后 $\| B_{i} ?$ 的状态	$\| 0 ?$		$\| 1 ?$
$b_{i}$	0		1
$k_{i}$	0	1	0	1
$t_{i}$	0	1	1	0
$b_{i} \oplus t_{i}$	0	1	0	1

物理量	量子态或经典比特
$\| L_{i} ?$ 的初态	$\| 0_{r} ?$		$\| 1_{r} ?$
$\| B_{i} ?$ 的初态	$\| 0 ?$		$\| 0 ?$
双重CNOT操作后 $\| B_{i} ?$ 的状态	$\| 0 ?$		$\| 1 ?$
$b_{i}$	0		1
$k_{i}$	0	1	0	1
$t_{i}$	0	1	1	0
$b_{i} \oplus t_{i}$	0	1	0	1

Robust quantum dialogue based on logical qubits and controlled-not operations

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