Acknowledgment

We thank Xiaonan Zhao, Jining Normal University, for technical assistance; Bo Ding and Qiuyin Yang for critically reading the manuscript. This work was supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences to Huanbin Zhou, and Open Project of State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, to Huanbin Zhou and Dawei Zhang.

Interest statement

The author(s) declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Supplement

Figure S1 Complete DNA sequences of the rice codon-optimized APOBEC1 and UGI genes.

Figure S2 PCR/RE assay of base editing of OsCERK1 using rBE3 in rice protoplasts.

Figure S3 Representative Sanger sequencing chromatograms of rBE3-edited OsSERK1 gene in T0 rice lines.

Figure S4 Targeted base editing of OsSERK2 in rice using the rBE3 system.

Figure S5 Targeted base editing of ipa1 in rice using the rBE3 system.

Table S1 Rice genes selected for editing with the rBE3 and rBE4 systems

Table S2 List of oligonucleotides used in this study

The supporting information is available online at life.scichina.com and www.springerlink.com. The supporting materials are published as submitted, without typesetting or editing. The responsibility for scientific accuracy and content remains entirely with the authors.

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